Just about everyone has to deal with some cold weather when it is winter. Unless you live in a tropical climate, it is a yearly occurrence. Your skin reacts to this weather change, and not in a good way. Cold weather can cause its own difficulties, and then the heat that we use to stay warm can contribute still further. End result? Dry skin.

Lips: There are two main things to remember about lips in winter. The first is simple. Don’t lick your lips.

This seems strange, because licking dry lips feels like the right thing to do to re-hydrate them. Instead, every time you lick then they get drier. You want to use a lip balm, instead. Lip balm can help rehydrate your lips, and will help prevent drying in the first place.

Face: You have to keep up with a good moisturizing routine when the weather is cold. If you are unsure what type of product would be best for you, consult a specialist before you make a purchase. A specialist can analyze your skin, and then help you pick the exact product for your needs.

Hands: Hands tend to get very dry in winter. This is because t he skin here is the thinnest on your entire body. Also, there are very few oil glands in the skin on your hands. This adds up to wintertime dryness.

Keep your hands moisturized. Beyond moisturizer, you should be careful with gloves. Wool gloves can cause itching, and that can be miserable and irritating. If you must wear wool gloves, wear thin cotton gloves as a liner. Avoid wet gloves, these can make your hands chapped and dry.

Feet: Keep away from wet socks, they are as bad for your feet as wet gloves are for hands. You’ll get irritated skin. You also want to take extra care with feet and skin maintenance in winter, especially if you wear heavy shoes or winter boots. Exfoliate regularly – if you have a lot of dry dead skin on your feet, it will be difficult for your moisturizer to penetrate and be effective.

There are a few other useful tips. For starters, pair up your heater with a humidifier. If you run the heat, run the humidifier too. This puts moisture back into air that is being dried out by the heater. My grandparents used to do this by putting bowls of water on the radiator, but using a real humidifier is a lot more effective. Also, don’t skip sunscreen in winter. You still need to protect your skin from the sun’s rays, even when it is not hot.

Besides skin care, the author additionally regularly shares knowledge on Jeans for Women as well as low rise jeans.

During pregnancy the bitch must have plenty of exercise, without taxing her strength, and plenty of minerals and vitamins in her diet. About a month before the expected arrival of the puppies you may give the bitch a mild worming cure as the puppies may become infected by parasites while still inside the mother’s body. Naturally all must be made ready for the whelping. The bitch usually gives birth in a whelping box. The sides must not be too high, so that the pregnant bitch can enter it easily; nor should they be so low that the puppies can fall out.

Naturally the bitch must be of the required age. An expert from vow particular hired club will advise you and help you to select the most maw. Most countries have different rules and regulations concerning, do is and their breeding, and it is recommended that you seek Kennel or breed society advice as to the conditions you must fulfill.

Sometimes the bitch may get an attack of convulsions several days, or as soon as several hours, after the arrival of the puppies. This is called eclampsia and is caused by a sudden drop in the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. In such a Case the bitch must he given a calcium injection immediately.

It is important that the puppies begin nursing as soon as they are horn. The colostrum secreted from the mammary glands for a few days after the birth contains gammagloblilins which carry all the mother’s antigens, thereby giving the pups immunity to infectious diseases.

After the dog has mounted the bitch the two remain locked in position for some time because the dog’s penis is swollen and can only be withdrawn from the vagina after it has returned to its normal size. Pregnancy lasts 58-65 days – you can count on an average of 63 days. Twenty days after mating the fertilised eggs become embedded in the lining of the womb and the placentas through which they receive nourishment are formed.

These, however, are of far less importance. Whining and growling, for example, are used mainly by puppies to express various feelings of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. They are responded to on the one hand by the mother, and on the other hand by the other pups in the litter. Barking and howling make it possible for dogs to establish contact over greater distances.

Excessive heat should be guarded against as this will also frequently result in poor, weedy growth – rubber plant leaves droop miserably in very hot conditions. Keep plants away from radiators and out of the stream of hot air rising from them. If plants must be placed on heating appliances the shelf width should be increased to ensure that rising hot air is deflected away from plants and not through their leaves.

When using aerosol sprays of any description (other than those for pest control and cleaning) plants should be carefully avoided; better still to remove them from the room altogether.

Like fertilisers, all insecticides should be used as instructed, as that seemingly harmless little extra may well cause leaf scorch and other damage. Pests should be treated as soon as they are seen, as any delay will make their control just that much more difficult.

The majority of plants will do better if watered with rain water, which for preference should he applied at room temperature. Very cold water can prove fatal to such plants as saintpaulia.

Abutilon are shrubby plants that are best suited to the cool, lightly shaded garden room, rather than indoor conditions. Keep well watered during the active growing period in spring and summer, and on the dry side at other times. It is mostly hybrid forms which are offered for sale. Producing maple-like leaves and pendulous bell- shaped flowers, abutilons may be used as centre pieces in outdoor bedding schemes during the summer months. If pruned in September – October they will require less winter storage space. Stems can be shortened by half their length to keep plants in shape.

Propagate from seed sown early in the year, or from easily rooted cuttings taken at the same time. As plants become established, pinch out the leading growth to encourage a more compact appearance.

So much mystery and potting shed black magic has been woven into the work of propagation that the amateur, not surprisingly, makes a very tentative approach to the seedbox and propagating bench. Once the first inhibitions are lost there is a whole new fascinating field of gardening to be explored with possible attempts at hybridisation to evolve new varieties.

One thing is absolutely certain, the seed or cutting is determined to grow whatever mistakes might be made by the propagator so at least there is a mutual interest straight away. There is no need to spend vast sums on greenhouses and frames, or to put down acres to nursery beds. Usually only one or two plants are needed, one for the garden, the other to give away to a friend.

Any obviously dead or very old wood is cut clean out at the base. Then surplus or crossing branches are trimmed out and the bush generally tidied up. Tree pruning is a dangerous undertaking requiring specialist knowledge.

Having during over thirty-five years of gardening spent hours working many feet above ground level I speak from experience. Any limbs to be removed must be cut close to the trunk or the branch from which they spring. Indeed, this applies in all pruning; snags harbour pests and diseases which will ultimately destroy the host plant. Large branches should be under cut for at least a quarter of the way through which prevents ugly splintering of the stem. Better still take them down piecemeal by means of a rope, or call in a specialist who is properly insured. Dress all wounds with coal tar or a similar antifungicidal substance.

Suckers can be a problem particularly on grafted plants. Rhododendrons, lilacs, roses, some berberis, crabs and cherries are a few of the shrubs often worked on to a stock. Any growth from below soil level must be suspect and this is one good reason for avoiding deep digging near established shrubs, as this may cause damage to the roots which will lead to suckering.

No covering of the compost is advisable or necessary. The pans are then covered with a sheet of glass which in turn is covered with a sheet of newspaper or brown paper to exclude light and prevent drying out. After germination the seedlings are shaded with muslin.

Evergreen shrubs, as for example rhododendron, berberis, and garrya, do not need regular or systematic pruning. Occasionally they are forced out of shape by wind or broken by snow, become thin or grown out, then the gardener must use secateurs and saw to restore equilibrium.

The aim should be to preserve the characteristic outline of the plant and this means doing only sufficient cutting to maintain it in good health, combined with maximum production of colour be it flower, berry, leaf or stem. Pruning is most important in the early years of a plant’s life when a little discreet cutting is required to create a good overall shape.

Occasionally a border is neglected due to lack of interest or ability to cope on the part of the previous owner, and drastic renovations are necessary. Go over the border naming as many of the inhabitants as you can.

Try wherever possible to cut each branch away cleanly, leaving no stumps as these may harbour pests and diseases. This is particularly important with evergreens, magnolias and cherries. Where the complete removal of a branch is not practicable or desirable, always cut to an outward-facing bud, the wound sloping up to leave the bud at the apex.

Removal of heavier branches must be done with a saw making the cut as close to the main stem as possible. I always round the rough edges afterwards with a knife before treating the exposed surface with a suitable protective covering. Above all make the cuts clean, not ragged, as they heal so much quicker leaving little or no scar.

Pruning can be phased out over two years so that the effects are not drastically obvious or the shock unbearable to the plants. By careful feeding, manuring and pruning, an apparently derelict border can be restored.

No tree excites more affection in me than the graceful native birch. In winter sculptural in white beauty, in spring touched with the pale green charm of breaking bud, then in autumn all golden glory in the October sunshine.

In the autumn the leaves are absolutely delightful, first green rimmed scarlet which deepens until the whole leaf is bright silver and red.

In spite of this deficiency it is a superb shrub of compact habit. The yellow flowers in spring followed by the bright red berries, and deep scarlet of autumn colour make this species one of the choicest barberries. Where garden space is limited I would choose the variety atropurpurea. Used as a centrepiece in a blue and white ground planting, or as a contrast with deep orange annuals, it is charmingly effective.

The variety coccinea is a pearl-tight, compact, and very prim with flowers of coral red, while corallina compacta always reminds me of a garden in the Lake District, quiet under a warm April sun, with the berberis making a flame of vivid scarlet against the white limestone rock. Few places are lovelier than White Cragg Garden in the spring and it is well worth a visit if you are ever in Westmorland.

There will be enough self-sown seedlings of B. wilsoniae to satisfy all but the Fagans of the gardening world. A selected form listed as Bountiful may have virtues in excess of those possessed by the parent, but I can not discover them.

With B. darwinii as one parent and B. linearifblia the other, what else could the offspring, lologensis, be but superb. The habit is erect and the evergreen leaves well formed, while the flowers are yellomi, softened with a hint of peach.

Besides the plant room attached to the outside of the house there is also the possibility of adapting a spare room indoors for this purpose. There are elaborate plant cases on the market specifically intended for accommodating indoor plants, many of them quite sophisticated, having light, temperature, and even humidity controls built in.

Adjustable shelves make it possible for a wide range of smaller plants to be grown very successfully. Under such carefully controlled conditions the saintpaulia does particularly well, and could well provide a specialist interest for the real enthusiast.

For these positions one thinks of more majestic plants with architectural shapes to their leaves, or plants of striking appearance – the sort of plant which does not need the support of other plants around it in order to create a pleasing effect.

Unfortunately there are all too few of these specimen plants available today. And to see them in their full glory they must be of specimen size when purchased, as many do not produce fully mat tire leaves until they are several years old.

We seldom think of garden conservatories without recalling the experience of a florist who was commissioned to plant up and maintain a rather grand Victorian-style conservatory in the home counties. Many mature plants were installed and doing very well until a collection of tropical birds was introduced.

The symmetrical foliage of Scheffiera actinophylla can be viewed equally well from any side, a valuable attribute for a specimen plant. The pandanus, or screw pine, requires plenty of room for its graceful, overlapping leaves.

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Apart from bacteria, viruses and insects, most damage is cause by microscopic fungi, such as rust, blight and mould. These moulds lead to a general wasting of seedlings and also precipitate dangerous diseases in potato plants and vines.

The spores ejected from the hymenium form 4 powder, which is white, brown, yellow, pink or black in amour and which serves as an established and critical characteristic for the purposes of classification. This can be easily discovered by putting a cap that has been freshly detached Irons the fruit-body on white paper with its gills facing downwards and then leaving it under a bowl or a glass or even inside a plastic bag. After a few hours the ripe spores will start to fall on to the paper.

Similarly large losses in wheat production have been caused by wheat rust, whilst various types of rust attack other plant species with little regard to their economic importance. Especially harmful is mildew, which forms a white floury film on many plants, such as hops, roses, oak trees and vines. Fruit is also attacked by fungi which cause black or brown rot.

The fungus should be either photographed or sketched and only then can it be dried out. Finally the dried specimens can then be collected in a herbarium. Every specimen should be kept in a separate envelope accompanied by the data generally associated with all botanical collections. Only collections maintained in this way have any real scientific value.

If a microscope is available, sections of fungoid fruit-bodies should be occasionally prepared to observe the remarkable textures of these organisms. Similarly, fungus spores offer an interesting and colourful picture.

The information found in the writings of such early natural scientists as Pliny and Galen shows that other, less common and tasty mushrooms were also eaten.

Laclarius volemus is a pleasant and easily recognizable mushroom. It is particularly well distinguished by its plentiful supply of white milk, which has a mild taste, does not change colour and has a smell of pickled herrings (trimethylamin).

The gills are permanently white or whitish and this feature distinguishes it from champignons, whose gills are pink when young and later turn a dark brown or black. The base of the Death Cap’s stipe widens out into a tall, membranous, whitish volva, whose upper edge has irregular lobes. The ring on the upper part of the stipe is fine, limp, white or whitish and has a smooth surface. Its white flesh has a mild, sweet, delicate taste and thus great care must be taken when picking Field mushrooms, because the Death Cap sometimes occurs in a pure white form.

Its closest relative is Amanita regalis, whose distinctive feature is a liver-like, yellowish-brown cap; it grows in mountainous spruce forests and is as poisonous as the Fly Agaric, containing the same muscarine alkaloid.

Lactwins decipiens is one of the lesser known representatives of the Laclarius genus. It cars be found in damp places in deciduous and coniferous forests and in some regions grows in large numbers. It can be distinguished from similar Lactarius species by its light-coloured cap and scarce white milk, which slowly turns yellow in the air. It has a bitter, resinous taste and is inedible.

The impressive large white mushrooms, which can be seen during summer in all types of forests, usually belong to these two Lactarius species. Both usually grow gregariously in groups or circles. In shape they are similar and are rich in milk, which flows freely from the flesh when bruised. This is white, does not change colour and has an acrid taste. The cap and stipe of Lactarius vellereus are soft and velvety, whilst its gills are spread out. The cap and stipe of Lactarius piperatus on the other hand are smooth and its gills are crowded closely together. It is inedible. This species is very similar to Lactarius glaucescens, whose milk is also initially white, but turns greyish-green when exposed to the air. This can be best observed on the bruised edges of gills, to which the drops of milk cling that ultimately dry out in the form of tiny greyish-green balls. Similar to this species is the pure white Russula brevipes, which is distinguished by its lack of milk and its mild taste. Its gills usually have a pale blue-green circle at the point where they are attached to the stipe. It is inedible.

The Panther Cap regularly grows under oak trees and is very poisonous. It contain mycoatropine, which causes brain damage. The nature of the poisoning is very similar to that caused by an excessive consumption of alcohol.